Gondor – Southern Kingdom of the Dunedain
Gondor was founded by Anarion and Isildur who arrived at the harbors of Pelargir leading the Faithful Numenoreans during the downfall of Numenor.
Gondor would become known as the Southern Kingdom of the Dunedain while Arnor that was founded by Elendil the father of Anarion and Isildur would become the Northern Kingdom of the Dunedain.
Together, Gondor and Arnor formed the Realm of the Numoenreans in Exile. Isildur would rule Minas Ithil which would later become Minas Morgul when it was captured by Sauron while Anarion would rule Minas Anor which would later become named Minas Tirith.
The first capital of Gondor would become Osgiliath as it would connect Minas Anor and Minas Ithil.
Gondor – Golden Ages and Downfall of Gondor
After the victory of the free races of the dwarves, humans and elves over Sauron, Gondor would manage the defense and overwatch Mordor.
Gondor was located at the borders of the old allies of Sauron including Mordor itself, Harad, Khand, Ruhn, Umbar and all the easterlings.
Under the rulership of the Ship Kings, Gondor would become once the most powerful country of Middle Earth. However, after the kinstrife of Gondor and the Great Plague, Gondor couldn’t maintain its strength and eventually had to pull out of Mordor as well.
Also, Gondor was severely weakened by several invasions of the Easterlings called the Wainriders and the Balchoths that almost annihilated Gondor.
During Gondor’s war against Balchoths, Gondor received help from the Eotheods, the ancestors of Rohan. Gondor would acknowledge the contribution of the Eotheods that were also called Eorlingas and handed over the lands of Calenardhon to them.
Eorl, the king of the Eotheods would become the first king of Rohan on the lands of Calenardhon and formed an alliance with Gondor.
Gondor – Last Heir of Anarion, Lost king of Gondor and the Ruling Stewards
Gondor became independent from Arnor, however as brother kingdoms of the Dunedain, Gondor would later on form an alliance with Arthedain(descending country of Arnor) just before Arthedain perished by Angmar.
The Witch King of Angmar also provoked Gondor after it fled to Mordor and constantly taunted and challenged Earnur, the last blood royal line of Anarion in Gondor. Earnur fell over the mischief of the Witch King of Angmar and went missing.
This would mark the absence of the king of Gondor and the age of the Ruling Stewards began. However, secretly, an heir of both Isildur and Anarion would conceal their identities and live on as the chieftains of the Northern Rangers.
Aragorn was the successor of the royal bloodline of both Gondor and Arnor, however Gondor would remain without a king until Aragorn’s return.
During the time point of the War of the Ring, Ecthelion second died and his son Denethor second started to rule Gondor. Denethor’s son Faramir and Boromir would lead the armed forces of Gondor.
Denethor Second was a fair ruler before he took his hands on the forbidden Palantir of Minas Tirith and Sauron turned him insane.
Osgiliath
Osgiliath was the first capital of Gondor where it could link Minas Ithil(Minas Morgul) and Minas Anor(Minas Tirith) by linking both sides of the Anduin River.
Osgilaith once held a Palantir as the first capital of Gondor. However, after the constant attacks of Mordor and the Easterlings, eventually Minas Anor that would be later named Minas Tirith, would become the next capital of Gondor.
Many events such as the Gondor Kin-Strife, Great Plague and the attack of the Wain riders hit Osgiliath hard.
Also, after Minas Ithil fell into Mordor and became Minas Morgul, Osgiliath would become one of the main fortresses that would defend Gondor from the evil forces of Mordor.
Sauron would launch an attack on Osgiliath and Mirkwoods (although not known in the movie) to conceal the crossing of the nazguls that Sauron sent to claim the One Ring.
Gondor would reclaim Osgiliath, however Osgiliath would fall by the full scale assault of the Easterlings and Minas Morgul under the command of the Witch King of Angmar.
Belfalas
Belfalas was the main seaport region of Gondor where the Numenoreans landed after the downfall of Numenor.
The city Dol Amorth would become the largest city of Belfalas and Belfalas would be ruled by the royal family of Dol Amroth.
Isildur and Anarion led the Faithful Numenoreans that were still loyal to the Valars and arrived at Middle Earth by landing on Belfalas.
During Elendil’s reign as the High King of Gondor and Arnor, Elendil would grant autonomy to the prince of Dol Amroth to rule the Belfalas region.
As one of the main regions of Southern Gondor, during the War of the Ring, Belfalas was under attack by the pirates of Umbar.
After Aragorn took down the corsairs at Pelargir with the help of the Grey Company that was a group of Rangers of The North with the Oathbreakers known as the Army of the Dead(movie only), Aragorn would also relieve Pelargir and assemble the armies of Southern Gondor to rescue Minas Tirith under siege by the forces of Minas Morgul
Dol Amroth
Dol Amroth was the main fortress city that protected the Belfalas region. The royal lineage of Dol Amroth also known as the princes of Dol Amroth would rule Dol Amroth as a duchy known as the Dor-En-Ernil realm.
The elves such as Galadriel and Celeborn resided at Dol Amorth first before the descendants of Numenoreans settled.
After the tragic death of Amroth the elf king of Lothlorien, the Gondor people would name the region Dol Amroth in remembrance of the elf lord Amroth.
During the War of the Ring, in the original novel Imrahil, the prince of Dol Amroth and the nephew of Denethor second led 700 men to defend Minas Tirith.
Belfalas and Dol Amroth was also under heavy attacks of the corsairs and pirates of Umbar so Imrahil could only bring 700 men including the Swan Knights of Dol Amroth.
